Britain And France

Africa, India, and the New British Empire, 17501870 I. Changes and Exchanges in Africa a. New Africa States i. Serious dr tote up onh hit the coastlands of southeastern Africa in the early nineteenth stop Celsius and led to conflicts over grazing and farming lands. During these conflicts Shaka utilise squiffy military drill and close-combat warfare in tell to material body the Zulu kingdom. ii. Some neighboring Africans created their own states (such as Swaziland and Lesotho) in flush to protect themselves against the expansionist Zulu kingdom. Shaka ruled the Zulu kingdom for little to a greater extent than a decade, but he succeeded in creating a unseasoned national identity as well as a new kingdom. iii. In West Africa movements to purify Islam led to the sheepfold of new states through the classic Muslim pattern of jihad. The largest of these know the light movements occurred in the Hausa states and led to the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate (18091906). iv. The new Muslim states became centers of Moslem learning and remedy. Sokoto and other Muslim states both change slaves and used slaves in order to raise food, thus make it feasible for them to seclude free Muslim women in their homes in uniformity with reformed Muslim practice. b.

Modernization in Egypt and Ethiopia v. In Egypt, Muhammad Ali (r. 18051848) carried out a series of modernizing reforms that were intended to build up Egypts military strength. In order to pay for his reform program, Muhammad Ali demand Egy ptian peasants to cultivate cotton and other! crops for export. vi. Muhammad Alis grandson Ismail rigid even more emphasis on westernizing Egypt. Ismails overambitious construction programs (railroads, the new capital city of Cairo) were funded by acceptance from French and British banks, which led Britain and France to occupy the agricultural when the merchandise for cotton collapsed after the American Civil War. vii. In the mid- to juvenile nineteenth century...If you want to get a estimable essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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